Remarks on different reviews of Chinese character recognition

This paper gives an introduction and remarks on two review papers for Chinese character recognition. One review is made by Chinese authors, another is from American scientists. They investigate Chinese character from different language environments; they do the research from different points of view. Thus, a more comprehensive view on Chinese character recognition, which is an important branch of pattern recognition, can be provided to the readers. Meantime, one article pays attention to online process, and other paper deals with offline recognition, which complement each other. The author is the Associate Editor-in-Chief of Frontiers of Computer Science in China     

Generation and context memory.

Generation enhances memory for occurrence but may not enhance other aspects of memory. The present study further delineates the negative generation effect in context memory reported in N. W. Mulligan (2004). First, the negative generation effect occurred for perceptual attributes of the target item (its color and font) but not for extratarget aspects of context (location and background color). Second, nonvisual generation tasks with either semantic or nonsemantic generation rules (antonym and rhyme generation, respectively) produced the same pattern of results. In contrast, a visual (or data-driven) generation task (letter transposition) did not disrupt context memory for color. Third, generating nonwords produced no effect on item memory but persisted in producing a negative effect on context memory for target attributes, implying that (a) the negative generation effect in context memory is not mediated by semantic encoding, and (b) the negative effect on context memory can be dissociated from the positive effect on item memory. The results are interpreted in terms of the processing account of generation. The original, perceptual-conceptual version of this account is too narrow, but a modified processing account, based on a more generic visual versus nonvisual processing distinction, accommodates the results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

探讨在版面分析中的聚类稳定性问题

版面分析过程可以理解为同模式类对象间聚类(合并)的过程,而这种聚类存在的风险(hazard)是伴随整个聚类过程中的。而且越是在后期,该风险值越高,即一旦出现聚类错误则将导致前期正确的聚类结果付诸东流。该文将就此问题展开关于版面分析中的聚类稳定性问题的探讨,并提出相应的逻辑规则——逻辑判别函数(logic differentiation function)用来指导聚类和其在聚类算法中的应用;实验结果表明,建立在定性分析基础上的该规则能解决聚类过程的稳定性问题,同时该规则可以应用在存在若干模式类对象聚类的场合中。     

组织协同进化分类算法用于雷达目标一维像识别

针对雷达目标一维像识别问题，提出了一种基于组织协同进化分类算法的识别方法．该方法与现有进化分类方法的不同之处在于它的进化操作直接作用于样本而不是规则，采用了一种自下而上的搜索机制，即先使若干样本的集合得到进化，再从进化结果中提取规则．这样有利于避免在进化过程中产生无意义的规则．该方法不需要进行特征提取；对于高维数据，不需要预先进行降维处理；没有复杂的运算，训练和识别的速度都很快．对3种飞机微波暗室实测数据的识别实验表明，该方法性能稳定，优于基于支撑矢量机与子波核函数的方法，识别率均达到了96％以上．实验中还对算法的抗噪能力进行了测试，获得了良好的效果．     

Symbolic control of visual attention: The role of working memory and attentional control settings.

This study examined how 1 symbol is selected to control the allocation of attention when several symbols appear in the visual field. In Experiments 1-3, the critical target feature was color, and it was found that uninformative central arrows that matched the color of the target were selected and produced unintentional shifts of attention (i.e., involuntary, initiated slowly, producing long-lasting facilitatory effects). Experiment 4 tested whether such selection is the result of an attentional filter or of a competition bias due to a match of incoming information against integrated object representations stored in working memory. Here, the critical feature was shape and color was irrelevant, but matching color arrows were still selected. Thus, features of objects in working memory will bias the selection of symbols in the visual field, and such selected symbols are capable of producing unintentional shifts of attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Simultaneous translation of lectures and speeches

With increasing globalization, communication across language and cultural boundaries is becoming an essential requirement of doing business, delivering education, and providing public services. Due to the considerable cost of human translation services, only a small fraction of text documents and an even smaller percentage of spoken encounters, such as international meetings and conferences, are translated, with most resorting to the use of a common language (e.g. English) or not taking place at all. Technology may provide a potentially revolutionary way out if real-time, domain-independent, simultaneous speech translation can be realized. In this paper, we present a simultaneous speech translation system based on statistical recognition and translation technology. We discuss the technology, various system improvements and propose mechanisms for user-friendly delivery of the result. Over extensive component and end-to-end system evaluations and comparisons with human translation performance, we conclude that machines can already deliver comprehensible simultaneous translation output. Moreover, while machine performance is affected by recognition errors (and thus can be improved), human performance is limited by the cognitive challenge of performing the task in real time.     

Validity of Three Measures of Communication for Predicting Relationship Adjustment and Stability Among a Sample of Young Couples.

The goal of this study was to examine whether data from 3 different measures of communication (i.e., self-report, quasi-observational, and observational) can predict relationship adjustment and stability 1 year later when used conjointly in a sample of 62 young couples. The 3 measures of communication were the Communication Skills Test-Revised (CST-R), the Communication Box (CB), and the Demand/Withdraw Pattern Questionnaire (DWPQ). Through hierarchical multiple regression analyses, results revealed that the CST-R and the DWPQ predict both genders' relationship adjustment 1 year later when used conjointly. Logistic regression analyses revealed that none of the measures of communication significantly predicted relationship stability. In conclusion, the combination of the CST-R and the DWPQ appears to be useful for longitudinally predicting relationship adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mutual recognition of the results of measurements and tests and formation of a world-wide metrology system

The main prerequisites are considered in a historical aspect and steps ate taken in creating a world-wide metrology system with the aim of providing conditions for the mutual recognition of measurement results. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 11. pp. 59–62, November, 2007.     

The time course of spoken word learning and recognition: Studies with artificial lexicons.

The time course of spoken word recognition depends largely on the frequencies of a word and its competitors, or neighbors (similar-sounding words). However, variability in natural lexicons makes systematic analysis of frequency and neighbor similarity difficult. Artificial lexicons were used to achieve precise control over word frequency and phonological similarity. Eye tracking provided time course measures of lexical activation and competition (during spoken instructions to perform visually guided tasks) both during and after word learning, as a function of word frequency, neighbor type, and neighbor frequency. Apparent shifts from holistic to incremental competitor effects were observed in adults and neural network simulations, suggesting such shifts reflect general properties of learning rather than changes in the nature of lexical representations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于轮廓线匹配的二维重迭物体的识别

本文提出一种基于轮廓线匹配的二维重迭物体的识别算法,并采用一种点模式匹配的快 速算法进行特征点序列的匹配,通过引进形状移位数的概念和利用问题中的各种约束条件,提 高了物体识别速度.